Glossary

Order-flow & microstructure glossary

Plain-language definitions of the terms that run through order-flow and microstructure trading — each one links to the full explainer where there is one.

Absorption Read more
When aggressive market orders are soaked up by large resting limit orders, so heavy buying or selling fails to move price — a sign a big passive player is defending a level.
Basis
The gap between a derivative’s price and the underlying spot price. For a perpetual it stays small because funding tethers the two together; a widening basis signals crowded positioning.
Bid-ask spread Read more
The distance between the best bid and the best ask — the immediate cost of crossing the book. Tight spreads mean a liquid market; wide spreads mean a thin one.
Buy-side liquidity Read more
The pool of resting buy orders (and buy stops) sitting above price — the liquidity a move upward reaches for. Often clustered above obvious swing highs.
CVD (cumulative volume delta) Read more
The running total of aggressive buying minus aggressive selling. Rising CVD means takers are lifting offers; falling CVD means they are hitting bids — what actually executed, not just what is resting.
CVD divergence Read more
When cumulative volume delta and price disagree — price makes a new high but CVD does not, hinting the move is running out of real aggression.
Delta Read more
Net aggression: aggressive buy volume minus aggressive sell volume over a period or at a price level. Positive delta means buyers paid up; negative means sellers pressed.
Depth of market (DOM) Read more
The order-book ladder of resting bids and asks stacked at each price beyond the best bid and ask — how much liquidity is waiting, and where. Also called Level 2.
Fair value gap (FVG) Read more
A smart-money-concepts term for an imbalanced run of candles that some traders expect price to revisit. A hypothesis about where liquidity sits — not a guaranteed level.
Footprint chart Read more
A chart that shows the volume traded at each price inside every candle, split into market buys vs. market sells, so you can see net aggression (delta) bar by bar.
Funding rate Read more
A recurring payment between longs and shorts on a perpetual future that keeps its price tethered to spot. Positive funding means longs pay shorts — a gauge of crowding.
Heatmap Read more
A grid that encodes a value as color across many markets and moments at once, so you can compare pressure, persistence, and clustering at a glance instead of one chart at a time.
Iceberg order Read more
A large limit order that only displays a small slice at a time, refilling as it fills. It reveals itself as absorption that refuses to run out.
Kyle’s lambda Read more
A measure of price impact — how far price moves per unit of net order flow. A low lambda means a deep, resilient market; a high lambda means a fragile one.
Layering Read more
Placing several resting orders at different prices to create a false impression of depth, then pulling them before they trade. A form of spoofing.
Level 2 Read more
Equities term for the order-book ladder beyond the best bid and ask — the same thing futures and crypto traders call depth of market (DOM).
Liquidation Read more
The forced closure of a leveraged position when the market moves past its margin. Cascades of liquidations can amplify a move as forced selling begets more forced selling.
Liquidity Read more
How easily you can trade size without moving the price. Set by the spread (cost to cross) and depth (resting size near price); the biggest driver of slippage.
Liquidity sweep (stop hunt) Read more
A sharp move through an obvious high or low that triggers clustered stop orders, filling resting liquidity, often before price reverses.
Market microstructure Read more
The mechanics of how trades actually happen — the order book, order flow, and price impact beneath the chart. The layer vyx reads.
Market profile (TPO) Read more
A view that organizes a session by price and time using TPO letters, showing where the market spent time and found acceptance — the value area, point of control, and auction shape.
Microprice Read more
An imbalance-weighted estimate of fair value that leans toward the thinner side of the book, predicting the next mid-price move better than the mid itself.
Open interest Read more
The total number of derivative contracts currently open. Rising open interest means new positions are being added; falling means positions are being closed.
Order block Read more
A smart-money-concepts label for the last candle before a strong move, treated as an institutional footprint. Useful as a liquidity hypothesis, not proof of who traded.
Order book Read more
The live list of resting buy orders (bids) below price and sell orders (asks) above it, at every price level — the supply and demand waiting to trade.
Order-book imbalance Read more
A measure of how one-sided resting liquidity is — more bids than asks (buy pressure) or more asks than bids (sell pressure). The base layer of vyx’s heatmap.
Order-flow imbalance (OFI) Read more
The net pressure from changes at the top of the book — bids and asks being added or pulled — and one of the strongest short-horizon predictors of price moves.
Order-flow trading Read more
Reading displayed liquidity and executed flow together — the order book, the tape, imbalance, CVD, sweeps and absorption — to judge intent before it shows in price.
Perpetual future (perp) Read more
A futures contract with no expiry. A recurring funding payment keeps its price tethered to spot, so it can track an asset indefinitely, usually with leverage.
Point of control (POC) Read more
The single price level with the most traded volume over a profiled period — a magnet the market often returns to.
Price impact Read more
How far an order moves the price. Driven by liquidity: the same size barely budges a deep market but jumps a thin one. Measured by Kyle’s lambda.
Sell-side liquidity Read more
The pool of resting sell orders (and sell stops) sitting below price — the liquidity a move downward reaches for. Often clustered below obvious swing lows.
Slippage Read more
The difference between the price you expected and the price you got. It grows with order size and shrinks with liquidity — the practical cost of price impact.
Smart money concepts (SMC) Read more
A framework for reading where large participants are positioned, using liquidity pools, order blocks, and fair value gaps. Its strongest parts restate real microstructure.
Spoofing Read more
Placing large resting orders with no intent to fill them — to create a false impression of supply or demand — then pulling them before they trade. Why a wall can lie.
Tape (time & sales) Read more
The live stream of executed trades — each print’s price, size, and aggressor side. Reading it is reading what actually happened, trade by trade.
Taker / aggressor Read more
The side that crosses the spread to trade immediately against a resting order. Aggressive buyers lift the ask; aggressive sellers hit the bid. Their net is delta.
Value area Read more
The price band — conventionally the central 70% of volume or time — around the point of control where most trading occurred. Price inside it is considered "fair".
Volume profile Read more
A histogram of how much volume traded at each price over a period, revealing the point of control, value area, and low-volume gaps where price tends to move fast.
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